晋太宗宣武帝实录13

陈牧:何为礼也,先生教我。

萧凡:夫礼者,所以定亲疏、决嫌疑、别同异、明是非也。

陈牧:先生试述之。

萧凡:道德仁义,非礼不成,教训正俗,非礼不备,纷争辨讼,非礼不决,君臣上下,父子兄弟,非礼不定,宦学事师,非礼不亲,班朝治军,莅官行法,非礼,威严不行,祷祠祭祀,供给鬼神,非礼,不诚不庄,故圣人示人以礼。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣,然其于国乃何?

萧凡:夫礼之于国,犹衡之于轻重也,绳墨之于曲直也,规矩之于方圆也,故衡诚悬,不可欺以轻重,绳墨诚陈,不可欺以曲直,规矩诚设,不可欺以方圆,君子审礼,不可诬以奸诈,故安国治民,莫善于礼也。

陈牧:非先生之言,寡人不悟也。

chenmu:Whatisthetruemeaningofetiquette,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Etiquettecandistinguishbetweennearandfa

elatives,aswellasdistinguishbetweenrightandwrongandsuspicion。

chenmu:Sir,pleaseelaborate。

xiaofan:Moralbenevolencecannotsucceedwithoutetiquettetoregulate,Withoutetiquettenorms,theworldcannotbecivilized,ntradictionsanddisputescannotberesolvedwithoutetiquettenorms,Thereischaoswithoutetiquettebetweenfathersandsons,Learningfromateacherwithoutetiquettenormswillnotbeclose,Governingtheuntryandthearmywithoutetiquettenormswillhavenomajesty,Sacrificestoancestorsandghostsandgodswouldbeinsincerewithoutetiquettenorms,Therefore,thesaintsusedliturgicalnormstoeducatetheworld。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings,Butwhatgoodisitfortheuntry。

xiaofan:Etiquetteisofgreatsignificancetotheuntry,Itisequivalenttomeasuringtheweightofthescale,Itisequivalenttomeasuringcurvaturewitharuler,Itisequivalenttodrawingacirclewithapass,Therefore,itisveryimportanttouseetiquettetostabilizetheuntryandgovernthepeople。

chenmu:Ifitwasn‘tforSirteachingme,Iwouldn‘thaveunderstood。

陈牧:今已息兵三载,士马精悍,且梁国内乱不休,寡人欲伐之以救民于水火,可乎?先生以为如何?

萧凡:臣以为时机已至,梁与国邻接,沃野万里,士民殷富,若据而有之,此帝王之资也。梁王已故,二子不协,军中诸将,各有彼此。刘斌险诈,与其有隙,寄寓于其地,梁恶其能而不能用也,大王欲取梁国,宜抚安之,与结盟好,以断大梁之翼,方可兴师伐梁。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:Nowthearmyhasbeentrainedforthreeyearsandisveryelite,Therewasagreatdistu

anceinliang,andIwantedtotaketheopportunitytoattackittosavethepeoplefromtheseaofsuffering,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithinkthetimehase,LiangGuobordersus,Ithasfertilelandandalargepopulation,Ifyouoccupythisplace,itistherootofhegemony,KingLianghaddied,buthissonsandgeneralswerenotoperating,LiuBinwassinisterandcunning,andhisarmywasstationedinLiangGuo,ButthereisabigdividebetweenLiuBinandothers,Sohewashatedandnottrusted,Therefore,ifyouwanttoattackLiangGuo,youmustfirstappeaseLiuBin,Andyouwanttoallywithhim,withtheaimofcuttingofftheflankofliangguo,OnlythencanyoustartattackingLiangGuo。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:今西凉以平,寡人欲以先生为司徒,录尚书事,封平阳侯,先生以为如何?

萧凡:臣以为,今齐、楚未平,戎车方驾,而始灭一国,即受三事之赏,若克殄二寇,将何以加之,且平西凉,乃郭况之功,非臣之力也。

陈牧:先生之言甚善,然先生不受,寡人不安,请先生录尚书事,勉从王命。

chenmu:NowtheWesternLiangKingdomhasbeenpacified,IwantsirtobethePrimeMinistertohandletheaffairsoftheStateuncil,andgivesiraknighthood,Sirthoughtso。

xiaofan:IthinktheStateofQi,theStateofChu,isstillthereandthewarhasjustbegun,NowIhavereceivedsuchagreatrewardfortakingoverauntry,IfIdefeattheStateofQiandtheStateofChuagain,howwillIberewarded?Besides,itwasthegeneralLiShengwhoannihilatedtheWesternLiangKingdom,notme。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iamdistu

edthatyoudonotaccepttheappointment,Ihopeyouwillreluctantlyacceptmyappointmenttohandlestatedepartmentaffairs。

陈牧:今委卿以关东之任,以讨残梁,先生当如何处置,寡人愿闻其详。

萧凡:臣以为,当先破居庸,平洛阳,拒虎牢,长驱汴梁,所谓“疾雷不及掩耳”。吾当亲督万众,星夜继发,舟车粮运,水陆俱进,大王勿以为忧也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人当亲帅三军以为后继,同先生会猎中原。

chenmu:IhaveappointedyouasthegovernorofKantoaffairstofightagainsttheLiangkingdom,Iwanttoknowwhatyourstrategyis。

xiaofan:IthinkthattheJuyongFortressshouldbenqueredbeforeattackingLuoyangCity,FirstoccupythexingyangfortressandthenblitzthecityofBieliang,Iwillmandthewholearmytosetoffinthesta

ynight,Andgrainandgrassareparalleltolandandwater,Youdon‘thavetowo

yaboutit。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwillleadtheremainingarmytosetofflater,AndhuntwithyouinthehinterlandofLiangguo。

陈牧:夫礼,禁乱之所由生也,犹防止水之所自来也,故寡人颁《通礼》于天下,以厚风俗,不亦可乎?先生以为如何?

萧凡:臣以为然也,朝觐之礼,所以明君臣之义也,聘问之礼,所以使诸侯相尊敬也。丧祭之礼,所以明臣子之恩也,乡饮酒之礼,所以明长幼之序也,婚姻之礼废,则夫妇之道苦,而淫僻之罪多矣,乡饮酒之礼废,则长幼之序失,而斗争之狱繁矣,丧祭之礼废,则臣子之恩薄,而背死忘生者众矣,聘觐之礼废,则君臣之位失,而背叛侵陵之败起矣。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Etiquetteeliminatesthesourceofchaosfromtheroot,SoIpromulgateduniversaletiquetteintheworldforsocialharmony,No,itdoesn‘twork,Sirthoughtso?

xiaofan:Ithinksotoo,Theetiquetteoftributecanclarifythedistinctionbetweenkingsandministers,Theetiquetteoftheenvoysallowedthedukestorespecteachother,Funeralsallowministerstodeepentheirfeelingsfortheking,Theetiquetteofdrinkingalholcandeterminetheorderoftheelderandtheyoung,Onthentrary,theworldisinchaos。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:今梁地初定,刘斌恃功骄纵,邀求无厌,又以寿春久不下,潜有贰心,必为国患,寡人欲因势除之,先生以为如何?

萧凡:臣以为,汝南之盟,不可负也,若其为难,罪由于斌,今事未有形而杀之,人必谓我王忌惮其功能,大王方收揽豪杰以隆大业,不可示人以狭,失天下之望也,藉彼有谋,大王以智防之,无能为也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,所谓骄则速败,其焉能为患,彼有大功,杀之不义,先生之论何似郭嘉之言?开寡人心怀也!

chenmu:NowLiangGuohasjustbeenpacified,GeneralLiuBinwasproudandindulgentbecauseofhismerits,Andaskedmeforalotofrewardsendlessly,BecauseShouchunCityhasnotbeencapturedforalongtime,Thereisariskthathewillbetrayme,He‘sboundtobeahiddendangertotheuntry,soIwanttotaketheopportunitytokillhim,Sirthoughtso?

xiaofan:Idon‘tthinkyoucan

eakthevenantofRunan,Ifhebetraysthenthechargeishis,Nowkillhimwithoutthefactofbetrayal,Theworldwillthinkthatyouarejealousofthevirtuous,Youshouldrecruitheroestocreateagreatcause,Andyoucan‘tbena

ow-minded,otherwiseyouwilldisappointtheworld,Evenifhewantstobetrayaslongasyouwatchoutinadvance,there‘snothingtolose。

chenmu:Sirisright,Pridecanacceleratefailuresohecan‘tmakewaves,Hehadmerit,anditwasimmoraltokillhim,Sir‘swisewordsuntiedtheknotinmyheart。

陈牧:先生凯旋,寡人欲加先生大司马,以都督中外诸军事,先生以为如何?

萧凡:臣今以元相之重,储傅之尊,端右事繁,司马任大,总督戎机,出纳帝命,今文武两寄,巨细并关,以伊、吕、萧、邓之贤,尚不能兼,何况臣哉?

陈牧:寡人方混壹四海,非卿谁可委者?先生切莫推辞,前有刘备之于孔明,苻坚之于王猛,今有寡人之于先生,岂不快哉!

chenmu:Sirtriumphantly,Iwouldliketoappointyouasgrandmarshalinchargeofallmilitaryaffairs,Sirthoughtso?

xiaofan:Iamalreadyaveryhonorableprimeminister,andIhavealotofthingstodealwith,TheGrandMarshalisinchargeofthemilitarywithagreatresponsibility,Nowyouhaveaskedmetodealwithbothinternalaffairsandthemilitary,Evenasaintmaynotbepetent,letaloneme?

chenmu:I‘mabouttocalmtheworld,noonebutsircandoit,Youdon‘tprevaricate,ItrustyoujustlikeLiuBeibelievesinZhugeLiang,That‘saveryhappything。

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